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A techno-economic analysis of the two-step conversion process and cradle-to-gate lifecycle assessment shows the economic feasibility and improved environmental impact of a high-volume commercial process generating acetic acid and ethylene compared to the current state of the art. In this Perspective, the progress towards high-rate CO conversion is shown alongside mechanistic insights and device designs that can improve performance even further. Recent studies have shown that CO can be electrochemically transformed further to C 2+ at high reaction rates, high C 2+ selectivity and inherently improved electrolyte stability, raising the prospect of a two-step pathway to transform CO 2. Electrochemically converting CO 2 to single-carbon products is much more effective and being commercially deployed.
However, the direct synthesis of multi-carbon (C 2+) products suffers from undesired side reactions and relatively low selectivity. The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to value-added chemical products has been heavily explored as a promising strategy for carbon utilization.